Ultrasound

An ultrasound machine uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal organs, tissues, and structures inside the body.

It is particularly effective in imaging organs of the abdominal cavity, the heart, the eyes, the lungs, and tissue sampling procedures (e.g., fine needle biopsy).

Ultrasound is radiation-free and can display moving body parts like the heartbeat and blood flow.

Endoscopy

Endoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic method that uses an endoscope to visualise bodily tissues and internal organs through natural openings or incisions, and can also be used for minor surgical procedures.

An endoscope is a long, thin, flexible tube with a camera and a light at one end, suitable for examining the esophagus, stomach (gastroscopy), intestines (colonoscopy), nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, etc. During the procedure, the images of the internal organ are observed on a screen.

We can use an endoscope to take a small tissue sample, which is called a biopsy, for further analysis.